How to create bridge on top of bonding in linux?

■ Purpose: create bridge on top of bonding
■ OS Environment: Linux [RHEL, Centose]
■ Application: bonding
■ Practical Usage : Used in KVM environment
■ Implementation Steps : 

1. Create network script :
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 & put following entries :

DEVICE=eth0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no

2. Create another network script : 
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1 & put following entries :

DEVICE=eth1
NM_CONTROLLED=no
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
USERCTL=no

3. Create a network bonding script :

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-bond0 & put following lines :

DEVICE=bond0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
IPV6INIT=no
BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=100 updelay=200 downdelay=200 primary=eth0"
BRIDGE=br0

4. Create network bridge script :
vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-br0 & put below entries with valid value

DEVICE=br0
TYPE=Bridge
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=10.XXX.XXX.X7
NETMASK=255.255.255.XXX
GATEWAY=10.XXX.XXX.XXX
ONBOOT=yes
DELAY=0
IPV6INIT=no

5. Add alias of bonding in modprobe.conf like :

# vi /etc/modprobe.conf

alias bond0 bonding

6. Restart network service :

# service network restart

How to start apache uisng worker MPM?

■ Purpose : Start Apache using worker MPM
■ OS Environment : Linux[RHEL, Centos]
■ Application: httpd
■ Implementation Steps:

1. Check if apache is running with MPM :

$ /usr/sbin/apachectl -l

If it's seen that worker.c in the list of loaded modules, then Apache is running with worker MPM. If  it's seen prefork.c, then it is running as prefork.

2. To determine if apache has worker MPM compiled in:

$ /usr/sbin/httpd.worker -l

If it's seen worker.c in the list of compiled-in modules, Apache can run Worker MPM.

3. Un-Comment following line in /etc/sysconfig/httpd : 

HTTPD=/usr/sbin/httpd.worker in 

4. Restart httpd :

$ service httpd restart

Note : Please recompile php with thread-safe option(php still doesn't support worker MPM. It's required mod_fcgid ), else it will throw error.

How to create reverse DNS record in bind?

■ Purpose: Create reverse DNS record 
■ OS Environment: Linux
■ Application : bind
■ Assumption: Used C class address
■ Implementation Steps :

1. Add following lines in /etc/named.conf :

zone "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "0.168.192.in-addr.arpa";
allow-update { none; };
};

2. Create zone for this reverse record :

$ vi  /var/named/0.168.192.in-addr.arpa  & put below entries

$TTL 600
@ IN SOA ns1.example.com. host.example.com. (
2012013001 ;Serial Number
86400 ;refresh
7200 ;retry
3600000 ;expire
86400 ;minimum

)

0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN NS ns1.example.com.
0.168.192.in-addr.arpa. IN NS ns2.example.com.
201 IN PTR example.com.