Before installing xen on the linux (centos or Redhat), please check the compatiblity. Then check whether the server has already installed xen. There packages should be checked. I checked using RPM.
.1 xenserver# rpm -qa |grep xen
xen-libs-3.1.0-13.el5
xen-3.1.0-13.el5
xenserver #rpm -qa |grep kernel-xen
kernel-xen-2.6.21-2950.el5
xenserver-dev #rpm –qa |fgrep virt-manager //for GUI
virt-manager-0.5.2-2.el5
Install :
1.
xenserver# yum install xen
xenserver # yum install kernel-xen
xenserver # yum install virt-manager
2. Edit default=1 in /boot/grub/grub.conf and make sure xen kernel will load.
3. Reboot system : [root@xenserver]# init 6
4. check kernel :
[root@xenserver]# uname -r
2.6.21-2950.el5xen
=====
To check if Xen is running use xm from command line:
[root@xensever]# xm list
Now you can create Xen virtual machines using Xen command lines or xen GUI (virt-manager):
[xenserver@ldev ~]# virt-manager
Thursday, April 29, 2010
What is Ruby on Rails? Install on linux plat form
What is Ruby on Rails?
Ruby is a programming language just like Perl, Python or PHP. Rails is an open source Ruby framework for developing database-backed web applications. You could develop a web application at least ten times faster with Rails than you could with a typical Java framework. It is a web application framework written in the Ruby programming language.
We tried the installation of Ruby on Rails on a server with this configuration:
1. Red Hat Linux release 7.3
2. Plesk 5.0.5
3. Apache 1.3.27
4. PHP 4.3.4 # Run as an Apache Module
Install Ruby
Before installing Ruby, first check if zlib is installed in PHP. You can do this by running a simple script with this code.
Now you are all set to start the installation.
cd /usr/local/src
wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ruby-1.8.2.tar.gz
tar xvzf ruby-1.8.2.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.8.2
./configure
make
make install
ruby rubytest.rb
If the installaiton is successful, then you will get a message “test succeeded”.
Install RubyGems
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/5207/rubygems-0.8.11.tgz
tar xvzf rubygems-0.8.11.tgz
cd rubygems-0.8.11
ruby setup.rb all
This step involves execution of `ruby setup.rb` with arguments `config / setup / install` all together
gem query --local
OR
gem q -L
Listing all installed gems
Install Rails
gem install rails OR # (Enter Y for all dependencies)
gem install rails --include-dependencies
Install FastCGI
wget http://fastcgi.com/dist/fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
tar -xvzf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
cd fcgi-2.4.0
./configure
make
make install
Install mod_fastcgi
wget http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/mod_fastcgi-2.4.2.tar.gz
tar -xvzf mod_fastcgi-2.4.2.tar.gz
cd mod_fastcgi-2.4.2
/path/to/apxs -o mod_fastcgi.so -c *.c
/path/to/apxs -i -a -n fastcgi mod_fastcgi.so
In Apache’s httpd.conf, add this line.
Include /path/to/httpd/conf/fastcgi.conf
Now, add this text to fastcgi.conf
cat > /path/to/httpd/conf/fastcgi.conf
User apache
Group apache
FastCgiConfig -idle-timeout 900
AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi .fpl .rb
FastCgiIpcDir /tmp/fastcgi_ipc/
FastCgiSuexec /usr/sbin/suexec
To make FastCGI run as suexec. Use path to suexec
Ctrl + D
mkdir /tmp/fastcgi_ipc/
chown -R apache.apache /tmp/fastcgi_ipc
chmod 700 /tmp/fastcgi_ipc/
service httpd restart
NOTE : In some systems, the ownership of fastcgi_ipc is done by Apache itself, but its safe to include these steps in your routine.
Related files: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-1.0.0/dispatches/dispatch.fcgi # OR ~USER//public/dispatch.fcgi # Log file declaration & all
Install gem bindings
To install gem bindings for Fastcgi and MySQL
gem install fcgi
gem install mysql
Testing
1. Install Test Application
cd ~USER
rails testapp # Create a test application named 'testapp'
cd testapp/
./script/generate controller test
cd ~USER/httpdocs
ln -s ~USER/testapp/public rails
# In order to access the test application
'~USER/testapp/public' from the browser
In order to allow symlinks, enter the following in to ~USER/httpdocs/.htaccess
Options Indexes +FollowSymLinks
Now you need to set the correct ownership and permissions for the test application. I did the following for my project. You can learn from the example:
cd ~USER
chown -R USER.psacln testapp
chmod -R 755 testapp
chown -R USER.psacln httpdocs/rails
chmod -R 755 httpdocs/rails
Create Test Pages
cd ~USER
cd ~USER/testapp/app/controllers
Create a file called test_controller.rb and put in the following code:
cat > test_controller.rb
class TestController < ApplicationController
def hi
render :text => 'Hi world'
end
def hello
end
def index
render :text => 'Hi! This is the Index.'
end
end
Ctrl + D
Now create the test page.
cat > ~USER/testapp/app/views/test/hello.rhtml # The test page
Hello World
Ruby is a programming language just like Perl, Python or PHP. Rails is an open source Ruby framework for developing database-backed web applications. You could develop a web application at least ten times faster with Rails than you could with a typical Java framework. It is a web application framework written in the Ruby programming language.
We tried the installation of Ruby on Rails on a server with this configuration:
1. Red Hat Linux release 7.3
2. Plesk 5.0.5
3. Apache 1.3.27
4. PHP 4.3.4 # Run as an Apache Module
Install Ruby
Before installing Ruby, first check if zlib is installed in PHP. You can do this by running a simple script with this code.
Now you are all set to start the installation.
cd /usr/local/src
wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/ruby-1.8.2.tar.gz
tar xvzf ruby-1.8.2.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.8.2
./configure
make
make install
ruby rubytest.rb
If the installaiton is successful, then you will get a message “test succeeded”.
Install RubyGems
cd /usr/local/src
wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/5207/rubygems-0.8.11.tgz
tar xvzf rubygems-0.8.11.tgz
cd rubygems-0.8.11
ruby setup.rb all
This step involves execution of `ruby setup.rb` with arguments `config / setup / install` all together
gem query --local
OR
gem q -L
Listing all installed gems
Install Rails
gem install rails OR # (Enter Y for all dependencies)
gem install rails --include-dependencies
Install FastCGI
wget http://fastcgi.com/dist/fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
tar -xvzf fcgi-2.4.0.tar.gz
cd fcgi-2.4.0
./configure
make
make install
Install mod_fastcgi
wget http://www.fastcgi.com/dist/mod_fastcgi-2.4.2.tar.gz
tar -xvzf mod_fastcgi-2.4.2.tar.gz
cd mod_fastcgi-2.4.2
/path/to/apxs -o mod_fastcgi.so -c *.c
/path/to/apxs -i -a -n fastcgi mod_fastcgi.so
In Apache’s httpd.conf, add this line.
Include /path/to/httpd/conf/fastcgi.conf
Now, add this text to fastcgi.conf
cat > /path/to/httpd/conf/fastcgi.conf
User apache
Group apache
FastCgiConfig -idle-timeout 900
AddHandler fastcgi-script .fcgi .fpl .rb
FastCgiIpcDir /tmp/fastcgi_ipc/
FastCgiSuexec /usr/sbin/suexec
To make FastCGI run as suexec. Use path to suexec
Ctrl + D
mkdir /tmp/fastcgi_ipc/
chown -R apache.apache /tmp/fastcgi_ipc
chmod 700 /tmp/fastcgi_ipc/
service httpd restart
NOTE : In some systems, the ownership of fastcgi_ipc is done by Apache itself, but its safe to include these steps in your routine.
Related files: /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/rails-1.0.0/dispatches/dispatch.fcgi # OR ~USER/
Install gem bindings
To install gem bindings for Fastcgi and MySQL
gem install fcgi
gem install mysql
Testing
1. Install Test Application
cd ~USER
rails testapp # Create a test application named 'testapp'
cd testapp/
./script/generate controller test
cd ~USER/httpdocs
ln -s ~USER/testapp/public rails
# In order to access the test application
'~USER/testapp/public' from the browser
In order to allow symlinks, enter the following in to ~USER/httpdocs/.htaccess
Options Indexes +FollowSymLinks
Now you need to set the correct ownership and permissions for the test application. I did the following for my project. You can learn from the example:
cd ~USER
chown -R USER.psacln testapp
chmod -R 755 testapp
chown -R USER.psacln httpdocs/rails
chmod -R 755 httpdocs/rails
Create Test Pages
cd ~USER
cd ~USER/testapp/app/controllers
Create a file called test_controller.rb and put in the following code:
cat > test_controller.rb
class TestController < ApplicationController
def hi
render :text => 'Hi world'
end
def hello
end
def index
render :text => 'Hi! This is the Index.'
end
end
Ctrl + D
Now create the test page.
cat > ~USER/testapp/app/views/test/hello.rhtml # The test page
Hello from Rails!
The current time is <%= Time.now %>
Various linux commands
grep -irl saqun.com * [i=case sensitive,allow both case. r=recursive, l=list out] // search domain in /hsphere/local/config/httpd/sites/
1.check php version: php -v
2.check which php: php -i // php -i |grep php.ini
3./usr/local/cpanel/logs // logs of cpanel
4./var/cpanel/userdata // gives the user data.
5.ctrl+] // to come out from established connection
Then q enter.
7.Search customer by name or by email id:-
8.vps # vzctl enter (id of domain) // to go to root of particular domain.
9.For neural customer search from database the details. Take user & password and login from www.emcwebhosting.com site.
10.cd /dir && command
11.ls /etc | pr -T9 -W$COLUMNS // print contents in 9 columns.pr=print T9=9 column W=width.
12.find -name '*.[ch]' | xargs grep -E 'expr' //Search 'expr' in this dir and below. See also findrepo
13.find -type f -print0 | xargs -r0 grep -F 'example' //Search all regular files for 'example' in this dir and below
14.find -maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs grep -F 'example' //Search all regular files for 'example' in this dir
15.find -type f ! -perm -444 ///Find files not readable by all (useful for web site)
16.find -type d ! -perm -111 //Find dirs not accessible by all (useful for web site)
17.grep --color kamal /etc/passwd //Highlight occurances of regular expression in dictionary
18. gpg -c file //Encrypt file
gpg file.gpg //Decrypt file
19. scp -p -r $USER@$HOST: file dir/ // Copy with permissions to $USER's home directory on $HOST
20.ssh -g -L 8080:localhost:80 root@$HOST //Forward connections to $HOSTNAME:8080 out to $HOST:80
ssh -R 1434:imap:143 root@$HOST //Forward connections from $HOST:1434 in to imap:143
21.
wget -c http://www.example.com/large.file //Continue downloading a partially downloaded file
wget -r -nd -np -l1 -A '*.jpg' http://www.example.com/dir/ //Download a set of files to the current directory
22.
echo 'wget url' | at 01:00 //Download url at 1AM to current dir
wget --limit-rate=20k url //Do a low priority download (limit to 20KB/s in this case)
wget -o log url // faults r stored in log file . log=/x.txt
wget --dns-timeout=seconds url
--connect-timeout=seconds url
--read-timeout=seconds url
--limit-rate=amount url
--user=user url
--password=password url
23. ethtool eth1 // show status of ethernate 0 1
24.ip link show //List network interfaces
25.
ethtool eth0 //Show status of ethernet interface eth0
ethtool --change eth0 autoneg off speed 100 duplex full //Manually set ethernet interface speed
iwconfig eth1 //Show status of wireless interface eth1
iwconfig eth1 rate 1Mb/s fixed //Manually set wireless interface speed
iwlist scan //List wireless networks in range
ip link set dev eth0 name wan //Rename interface eth0 to wan
ip link set dev eth0 up //Bring interface eth0 up (or down)
ip addr show //List addresses for interfaces
ip addr add 1.2.3.4/24 brd + dev eth0 //Add (or del) ip and mask (255.255.255.0)
ip route show //List routing table
ip route add default via 1.2.3.254 //Set default gateway to 1.2.3.254
26.
netstat -tupl //List internet services on a system with it we can search anything by grep
netstat -tup //List active connections to/from system
27.
cal -3 // Display a calendar
cal 9 1752 // Display a calendar for a particular month year
date -d fri //What date is it this friday. See also day
28. ls -lSr ls -lS // show the file order in size.
29. df -h Show free space on mounted filesystems
• df -i Show free inodes on mounted filesystems
• fdisk -l Show disks partitions sizes and types (run as root)
30.lsof -p $$ //List paths that process id has open
tcpdump not port 22 //Show network traffic except ssh. See also tcpdump_not_me
ps -e -o pid,args --forest //List processes in a hierarchy
ps -p 1,2 //List info for particular process
watch -n.1 'cat /proc/interrupts' // Watch changeable data continuously IDs
=================================================
31.• uname -a //Show kernel version and system architecture
• head -n1 /etc/issue //Show name and version of distribution
• cat /proc/partitions //Show all partitions registered on the system
• grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo //Show RAM total seen by the system
• grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo //Show CPU(s) info
• lspci -tv //Show PCI info
• lsusb -tv //Show USB info
• mount | column -t //List mounted filesystems on the system (and align output)
• grep -F capacity: /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info // Show state of cells in laptop battery
# dmidecode -q | less //Display SMBIOS/DMI information
# smartctl -A /dev/sda | grep Power_On_Hours //How long has this disk (system) been powered on in total
# hdparm -i /dev/sda //Show info about disk sda
# hdparm -tT /dev/sda //Do a read speed test on disk sda
# badblocks -s /dev/sda
=====================================================
32. pg
Used to display data one page (screenful) at a time. The command can take a number of filenames as arguments.
Pg [option] [filename] [filename2]…..
33.sort
Sort is a utility program that can be used to sort text files in numeric or alphabetical order
Sort [filename]
34.& - run a program in background mode.
=================================================
35. Get back windows admin password: "C:\Program Files\SWsoft\Plesk\admin\bin\plesksrvclient.exe" –get
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